What are the advantages and disadvantages of theory x and. William mcgregor was born in braco, perthshire in 1847. Advantages and disadvantages of theory x and y essay. Pdf douglas mcgregors landmark book, the human side of enterprise, changed the path of management thinking and practice by. Couple counseling includes use of emotion focused therapy, gottman techniques, and systemic questioning. Mcgregors theory x and theory y theory of motivation. The points given below are substantial, so far as the difference between theory x and theory y is concerned. Theory x and theory y framework proposed by mcgregor in his classic book the human side of enterprise 1960 consists of two alternative set of assumptions.
Mcgregor himself held to the belief that theory y assumptions were more valid than theory x. Conclusion theory x and theory y conclusion theory x and. It is to mcgregor s thorough research and curiosity in behavior and incentive that we owe our current understanding of theory x and theory y. Mcgregor considers theory x and theory y as two different continua in themselves, they are not different ends of the same continuum. Social psychologist mcgregor s theoryx and theory yof mit expounded two contrasting theories on human motivation and management in the 1960s. The democratic approach of theory y makes people feel comfortable as a result of which they commit themselves wholeheartedly to the organization. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y finzel 1994, 28 theory x authoritarian.
What might be less immediately understandable are the differing effects of theory x. Features of mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation. Douglas mcgregor then arrived at the conclusion that the style of leadership depends on the managers perception of people. While mcgregors theory y model has been widely adopted in management literature as the preferred model, theory x management still persists in practice. Influence on the management field, largely due to his theory x and theory y. Pdf theory x and theory y published in the sage encyclopedia. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation. The latter theory has a much more positive view about employees and it is suggested that the employer is under a lot less pressure than one who is influenced by the management style of theory x. While mcgregor s theory y model has been widely adopted in management literature as the preferred model, theory x management still persists in practice. Introduced by douglas mcgregor, theory x and theory y talk about the diverging views that exist about how organizations function. Douglas mcgregor in his book, the human side of enterprise published in 1960 has examined theories on.
Welcome to, the ultimate source for the scottish actor ewan mcgregor. Either theory x or theory y assumptions may be appropriate in a particular situation. Mcgregor s six assumptions of theory y and his ideas of integrating individual and organization goals are congruent with the main planks in. I am certified in choice theory and reality therapy with the william glasser institute and have additional training in solution focused brief therapy from the brief therapy center in london, uk. The mcgregor group is the uks foremost animal osteopathy practice with over 30 years experience. Focuses on tactics of direction and control through the exercise of authority theory y humanbased. According to mcgregor, the function of motivating people involves certain assumptions about human nature. Theory x holds a negative traditional view of the workers while theory y holds a much refined and. Theory x and theory y, introduced in the book and are known for management and human motivation. Challenges and limitations of theory x and theory y. Mcgregor developed two theories of human behaviour at work. Mcgregor s theory x and theory y douglas mcgregor s in his book the human side of enterprise published in 1960, explained two different kinds of theories or assumptions about human behavior.
This entry first describes ising strategies for improved transfer in todays mcgregors theory x and theory y. Theory x and theory y type leadership behavior and its. Mcgregors ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people. Theory x and theory y management oxford bibliographies. Theory x managers and theory y managers often see their perceptions of people confirmed.
Pdf theory x and theory y type leadership behavior and its. James h s mcgregor the countryside and historic cities. Theory x and theory y assumptions, merits and demerits. Mcgregor s theory x and theory y are theories about human behavior and motivation in the organization that was published in 1960 by douglas mcgregor. Theory x managers assume that workers are lazy, will avoid responsibility, and prefer to just get by.
Assumption of manager under theory x theory x assumes human beings as lazy, lacking in ambition, resisting change, and non creative, capable of being deceived easily, etc. My boss asks me politely to do things, gives me reasons why, and invites my suggestions. However, our years of previous architectural work has shaped the firms project process, culture, and ultimately, the client experience. Critically evaluate mcgregors theroy x and theory y. We decided to look toward the future of digital billboards and our first digital boards are located at garfield and south side of h. Teori x dan teori y menurut douglas mcgregor gaya manajemen suatu perusahaan sangat dipengaruhi oleh keyakinan dan asumsi manajemennya terhadap apa yang merupakan dorongan kerja karyawannya. Mcgregors ideas about theory x and theory y were first articulated in his article. We have been in business for the last 33 years at the same location. Gregor torkar slovenia, transdisciplinarity and nature conservation 176 kb march 2010. This theory divides workers and managers in the organization in two typical groups according to how managers lead their subordinates and respectively how subordinates behave. Mcgregor argued that these assumptions fall into two broad categories theory x and theory y.
Two of the surveys had to be eliminated due to missing. Theory x and theory y in his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor proposed two theories by which to view employee motivation. Whilst we strive to maintain the natural ecological balance in the. He is best known for his development of the theory x and theory y, a leadership theory on two different leadership styles biography douglas mcgregor.
Theory x and theory y are still referred to regularly in the fields of. Theory x says that the average human being is lazy and self. Pdf application of mcgregors theory x and theory y. Abstract what motivates you to do a great job when you go to work. I developed them to help understanding and application of mcgregors xy theory concept.
Mcgregor promoted theory y as the basis of good management practice, pioneering the argument that workers are not merely cogs in the company machinery, as theory x type organizations seemed to believe. Rather, he saw the two theories as two extremes with a whole spectrum of possible behaviours in between. The present study explored the possibility that mcgregors 1960 theory x y assumptions serve as cognitive determinants of superior communicator style, a multidimensional set of style variables that can have considerable effects on subordinate wellbeing and organizational viability. There is no evidence to confirm that either set of assumptions is valid. The two theories are sets of propositions and beliefs about human nature. He avoided descriptive labels and simply called the theories theory x and theory y. I knew instinctively that mcgregor s assessment of the traditional view management, which he names theory x, was true because i had worked in x environments for years, trying to run y divisions. Thomas edison tried 10,000 different materials before he found the right one for the. Filmed over the course of 4 years, notorious is the exclusive, allaccess account of conors meteoric rise from claiming benefits and living in his parents spare room in dublin to claiming multiple championship ufc belts and seven figure paypackets in las vegas. Jika manajemennya yakin bahwa sebagian dari karyawannya tidak menyukai pekerjaannya, maka gaya manajemen akan cenderung ke gaya manajemen otoriter.
Software systems architect specialising in web application development. How many satisfied the employee of a particular organization so many productive they are. There are two alternative sets of assumptions which mcgregor has. Many theorists support that mcgregor s theory considers the field of management from a new angle, indicating a strong influential value. I have a masters degree in holistic counseling and a certificate of advanced graduate studies in expressive arts therapy from salve regina university. Theory x and theory y describe two views of people at work and may be used to describe two opposing management styles. As babies, we all fall when we are learning to walk. Theory x is an authoritarian style where the emphasis is on productivity, on the concept of a fair days. Do you want to boost your products market reach and monetization. An ideal book for the usa flower arranger following how gill found this was an exciting assignment which challenged the very way we arrange our flowers and foliage. He referred to these two perceptions as theory x and theory y. Douglas mcgregor s theory x and theory y have both their advantages and disadvantages, though many would prefer to call them their strengths and weaknesses.
Freelance is a free to use, open source bootstrap theme created by start bootstrap for people like me, who know how to use bootstrap, but dont have the time to sit down and manually design and code a whole website. According to mcgregor, theory x seeks to promote engagement by directing, monitoring, and rewarding andor punishing the actions of employees, while theory y seeks to promote engagement by promoting worker satisfaction through greater job autonomy and freedom and less supervision carson, 2005. He worked as a draper in scotland before moving to birmingham in 1870 where he started his own business with his brother in aston. This theory was developed by douglas mcgregor in 1950s at mit. Do you care about the goals of the organization that you work for, or do you focus more on getting a regular paycheck to bring home. Don mcgregor has become one of the foremost writers in comic books today. Theory x is propounded by mcgregor, which indicates a set of assumptions, that an average worker is motivated to satisfy their own needs and not to contribute to the fulfilment of organisational goals. Difference between theory x and theory y with comparison. In contrast to the principles of conventional management mentioned as theory x, the advocated theory y illuminated a cluster of new or redefined concepts such as selffulfilling prophecy and responsibility.
Mcgregor s theory x and theory y the idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by douglas mcgregor, a management professor at the massachusetts institute of technology during the 1950s and 1960s. Pdf leadership style and organizational performance have been researched. Theory x and y were created and developed by douglas mcgregor at the mit sloan school of management in the 1960s 2. In the 1960s, douglas murray mcgregor, a famous mit professor of management wrote a book named the human side of enterprise in which he analyzed the various behaviors of professionals at work. The relationship between mcgregors xy theory management. It describes two contrasting sets of assumptions that managers make about their people.
They were created by douglas mcgregor while he was working at the mit sloan school of management in the 1950s, and developed further in the 1960s. Theory x and theory y published in the sage encyclopedia of management theories. Conor mcgregor is the biggest star in the history of mixed martial arts and one of the biggest sports stars alive today. Douglas mcgregor 1906 1964 was a famous management professor in the field of personal development and motivational theory.
You may know him from movies like trainspotting, moulin rouge. In addition to this, they can help a manager to focus on his thoughts on the different ways in which individuals relate to and. Counseling of any kind is an investment in your ongoing general health and happiness. His major writings are cited along with two volumes which were actually published several years after his death by bennis, caroline mcgregor. Motivation, theory x and y, classroom, management manager and organisation introduction douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist, proposed his famous theory x and y in his book the human side of enterprise in 1960. Douglas mcgregors theory x vs theory y lucidchart blog.
Theory x and theory y are considered as theories of human motivation at the workplace. Tek is viewed now as presenting viable alternatives to the status quo, which is seen to have caused todays environmental problems in the first place. Theory x and theory y team management training from. The theory x and theory y are not based on a single truth. Theory x and theory y type leadership behavior and its impact. Mcgregors theory x and theory y are theories about human behavior and motivation in the organization that was published in 1960 by douglas mcgregor. The human side of enterprise, theory x and theory y is still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation. With almost thirty years of experience in the field, don incorporates a deep understanding of human nature into his stories, blending humanity with humility and pain with glory.
Its a way to address your mental and emotional state in the same way you see a doctor regarding your physical wellbeing. The city of fort myers, in coordination with the florida department of transportation, replaced storm drainage on mcgregor boulevard from colonial boulevard to poinciana avenue. Ei mea atomorum intellegam, has dolorum suavitate referrentur ei. In the 1960s, social psychologist douglas mcgregor developed two contrasting theories that explained how managers beliefs about what motivates their people. The concept of theory x and theory y was developed by social psychologist douglas mcgregor. The styles of designs we arrange are a consequence of the mechanics we choose to use. Douglas mcgregor an american social psychologist proposed his famous x and y theories in his book 1960. Informed by ken wilbers theory of everything and the integral vision and beck and cowans spiral dynamics approach. Theory x assumptions believe that workers must be controlled and threatened with punishment allio, 2009. Douglas mcgregor has developed a theory of motivation of the basis of hypotheses relating to human behaviour. Mcgregor theory x and theory y for staff and employees motivation productivity plays a vital role in success of any business. Focuses on the nature of human relationships the integration of personal goals with the success of the enterprise. The biggest advantage of using theory x and theory y is that they are easy to understand.
Gregor torkar slovenia, transdisciplinarity and nature conservation. Other members of the team included george ramsay, archie hunter and eli davis. The mechanics we choose are often a consequence of the containers we select. In such a case management has two strategies to adopt, viz. Advantages of theory x and y the biggest advantage of using theory x. However, modern revisions including contingency theorists argue that theory y is not essentially a progressive alternative to a dull theory x. Mcgregors work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of. The idea behind using letters x and y, perhaps seems to be using a neutral terminology, which does not convey any sense of badness or goodness associated with these theories. He did not imply that workers would be one type or the other. Browne mcgregor architects is a houston based architecture firm that was founded in 1995. Contentsadvantages of theory x and ydisadvantages of theory x and ydifference between theory x and theory y douglas mcgregor s theory x and theory y have both their advantages and disadvantages, though many would prefer to call them their strengths and weaknesses. Mcgregor theory x and theory y for staff and employees. Mcgregor canadian author of the montana series set in vancouver, british columbia. Theory x management style generally get poor results compare with.
Miltons parents, walter scott mcgregor and johnnie doris day, owned the palace market, a grocery store and meat market in hartford where milton worked as a delivery boy. It was in 1957 that douglas mcgregor first proposed the concept of theory x and theory y in the human. The major distinct disadvantage of theory x and theory y is that they are put forward as challenging sets of assumptions a supervisor is either motivated by theory x or by theory y. Theoryx and theory y management applicationbusiness implications for workforce motivation. Formed by stuart mcgregor an acknowledged world authority on animal mobility and the originator in the 1980s of the principles of modern animal osteopathy. Mcgregor consulting group research published papers. Theory x and theory y in 1960, douglas mcgregor formulated theory x and theory y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals employees. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as theory x and theory y management. Theory x and theory y behavior scale kopelman, prottas, and falk, 2008. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, no qui dicam voluptua, ei nec melius latine repudiandae. Theory x percieves employees to be lazy, irresponsible and untrustworthy, while according to theory y employees are approached as one of the most valuable assets of the company. Both theories x and y are proposed by mcgregor which describe the workforce models which are contrasting in nature and which are used by reporting managers in organizational behaviour and human.
In his 1960 management book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor made his mark on the history of organizational management and motivational psychology when he proposed the two theories by which managers perceive employee motivation. In 1960, douglas mcgregor developed a leadership theory mcgregor theory x and theory y about organization and management in which he represented two opposing perceptions about people. X y theory questionnaire score the statements 5 always, 4 mostly, 3 often, 2 occasionally, 1 rarely, 0 never to indicate whether the situation and management style is x or y. Mcgregor 1960 famously argued that there are two types of managers. Theory x and theory y were part of mcgregor s philosophy of management, which represented a fundamental change in management thought and practice. Thus, we can say that theory x presents a pessimistic view of employees nature and behaviour at work, while theory y presents an optimistic view of the employees nature and behaviour at work. According to mcgregor 1960, the more pessimistic view of human naturetheory xwhich he claimed was the predominant perspective in the 1950s, was based on three assumptions. Theory x people dislike work, have little ambition, and are unwilling to take responsibility. An eclectic mix of narrative therapy and solutionfocused therapy, grounded in cognitive behavioral therapy. Dogan unlucan mcgregor theories x and theory y student.
Features of mcgregor s theory x and theory y of motivation. The human side of enterprise, mcgregor, 1957 and were expanded upon. The 5th institute for the development of education irdo international conference, maribor, slovenia. His work showed that thoughts and beliefs might influence behavio. Richard mcgregor was a bureau chief for washington, dc in the financial times with three videos in the cspan video library. Douglas mcgregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour.
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